Type 2 diabetes is also known as “non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus”.  Type 2 Diabetes is a disease in which the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or body cells can’t utilize insulin properly. Insulin triggers and stimulates the cells to absorb glucose from the blood. If body cells don’t use it properly, the sugar levels are increased in the blood than the normal levels. 

Pancreas and Insulation Relation

The pancreas is an organ as well as a gland. The endocrine cells in the pancreas are named islets of Langerhans.  Islets of Langerhans have two types of cells; alpha cells and beta cells. Beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin.

Insulin controls the blood glucose levels by:

·         Increasing cell utilization of glucose

·         Stimulating glucose conversion into protein and lipids, which in turn reduce  glucose levels in the blood

·         Inhibiting hydrolysis of glycogen

Causes of Type 2 Diabetes

Here are some causes of Type 2 Diabetes:

·         If the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin the glucose levels are increased in the blood. It is leading reason of this disease.

·         Sometimes it also happens, that body cells like liver and muscle cells don’t respond to insulin properly.  In this situation, they do not take glucose from the blood. To overcome this situation, the pancreas will produce more insulin, and as a result, cells become insulin resistant. This eventually will lead t to type 2 diabetes.

·         If one’s body is too much fatty, it will also cause type 2 diabetes.

·         Using corticosteroids for a long period will be a reason for type 2 diabetes.

·         Hormonal imbalance like Cushing syndrome (high amount of hormone cortisol in the body) and hypothyroidism (little amount of thyroid hormones).

·         Genetics causes; there are some genes that have more probability of having type 2 diabetes. These genes can pass from ancestor to their descendent.

Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes:

There are some symptoms of type 2 diabetes. Knowing these symptoms we can find out that some person is suffering from this disease. These symptoms are given below:

·         Sugar in the urine

·         High levels of sugar in the blood

·         Disturbance in the body ‘ osmotic equilibrium

·         Increased thirst

·         Fatigue

·         Increased hunger

·         Sudden weight loss

·         Frequent  urination that may lead to dehydration

·         Dry skin

·         Blurred  vision

·         Slow healing process

Effects of Type 2 Diabetes

There are some harmful effects of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:

·         Kidney failure

·         Heart diseases: It can be a reason for many chronic diseases such as heart attack. It reduces the elasticity of the vessels, which narrows the nerve leading to serious heart diseases.

·         Vision loss

·         Hearing loss

·         More probability of having fungal and bacterial infections

·         Amputation of foot

·         Nerve destruction: This type of diabetes can cause serious nerve issues. Its catastrophic effect on nerves causes tingling and numbing leading to loss of touch sense in the various skin parts.

·         Dementia: Having this disease. A person can lose memory. It may cause dementia.

Controlling Factors for Type 2 Diabetes

Healthy diet: 

A person can fight this disease by adopting healthy measures. He should eat food having low-fat calories. The intaken food must have more fiber content. Eat green salads, peanuts, nuts green beans, berries, fish, and eggs.

Physically activeness:

Activating yourself and having some exercise can minimize the risks of this disease. Do bicycling swimming and running. Don’t sit for a long period of time.

Lose weight:

One should control one’s weight if he is suffering from this disease. Don’t be overweight.

How to Diagnose Type 2 Diabetes?

If someone is in doubt that he might have diabetes he should diagnose herself by some test given below:

Plasma glucose test:

It is done after remaining fast for eight hours. During fasting, one should drink only water. If someone has sugar level more than 125mg/ DL, its means that he is type 2 diabetic people.

Medications for Type 2 Diabetes

Certain medications are used for this disease, such as insulin. It is injected into the body by syringes.

Some oral medicines are also available like metformin. GLP-1 and dual GLP-1/GIP agonists are also used.

Conclusion

Hence, above is a complete detail about Type 2 Diabetes. This disease is present all over the world. A person should adopt healthy measures to avoid type 2 diabetes. We also provided complete details on tests, symptoms, and medications. If you face any changes in your body as given above, we highly recommend having proper tests so that healthy measurements and treatments can be started on time